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[EN] This review includes examples of silica-based, chromo-fluorogenic nanosensors with the aim of illustrating the evolution of the discipline in recent decades through relevant research developed in our group. Examples have been grouped according to the sensing strategies. A clear evolution from simply functionalized materials to new protocols involving molecular gates and the use of highly selective biomolecules such as antibodies and oligonucleotides is reported. Some final examples related to the evolution of chromogenic arrays and the possible use of nanoparticles to communicate with other nanoparticles or cells are also included. A total of 64 articles have been summarized, highlighting different sensing mechanisms. ; This research was funded by the Spanish Government (projects RTI2018-100910-B-C41, RTI2018-100910-B-C44, and AGL2015-70235-C2-2-R) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2018/024) for support. B.L.-T. is grateful to the Spanish MEC for her FPU grant. Additionally, L.P. thanks the Spanish MEC for his FPI fellowship. ; Pla, L.; Lozano-Torres, B.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Ros-Lis, JV. (2019). Overview of the Evolution of Silica-Based Chromo-Fluorogenic Nanosensors. Sensors. 19(23):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235138 ; S ; 1 ; 23 ; 19 ; 23 ; Martínez-Máñez, R., & Sancenón, F. (2006). Chemodosimeters and 3D inorganic functionalised hosts for the fluoro-chromogenic sensing of anions. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 250(23-24), 3081-3093. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.04.016 ; Dutta, S. (2019). Point of care sensing and biosensing using ambient light sensor of smartphone: Critical review. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 110, 393-400. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.014 ; Huang, X., Xu, D., Chen, J., Liu, J., Li, Y., Song, J., … Guo, J. (2018). Smartphone-based analytical biosensors. The Analyst, 143(22), 5339-5351. doi:10.1039/c8an01269e ; Yu, L., Qiao, Y., Miao, L., He, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2018). Recent progress in fluorescent and colorimetric sensors for the detection ...

The consumption of illicit drugs has increased exponentially in recent years and has become a problem that worries both governments and international institutions. The rapid emergence of new compounds, their easy access, the low levels at which these substances are able to produce an effect, and their short time of permanence in the organism make it necessary to develop highly rapid, easy, sensitive, and selective methods for their detection. Currently, the most widely used methods for drug detection are based on techniques that require large measurement times, the use of sophisticated equipment, and qualified personnel. Chromo‐ and fluorogenic methods are an alternative to those classical procedures.

[EN] The development of new detection systems for an accurate and rapid identification of pathogens has become an essential challenge in the biomedical field. Herein a highly selective platform based on aptamer-gated nano materials for specific Staphylococcus aureus detection is presented. In the proposed design, a nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) scaffold is loaded with the fluorescent indicator rhodamine B, while pores entrances are capped by a DNA aptamer which selectively recognizes S. aureus cells in less than 1 h. When S. aureus cells are present, the solid is selectively uncapped, and the dye is released to the medium. This nanodevice allows the detection of bacterial concentrations between 2 and 5 CFU mL-1 (in buffer and blood, respectively) and it has demonstrated excellent behavior in terms of specificity and robustness. A set of 25 different clinical samples are analyzed using this simple procedure obtaining excellent results, which agree with conventional hospital reference techniques for the identification of S. aureus. This new method is sensitive, rapid and low cost, and avoids steps such as polymerase chain amplification reaction, which makes it suitable for use in point-of-care detection systems. ; This study was supported by the Spanish Government (projects RTI2018-100910-B-C41 and SAF2017-82251-R (MCUI/AEI/FEDER, UE)), the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2018/024), the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia-Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (B02-MIRSA project) and CIBER-BBN (NANOPATH and valorization project CANDI-EYE). It has been also co-financed by the EU through the Valencian Community ERDF PO 2014-2020. S.S. thanks the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Social Fund for the financial support "Sara Borrell" (CD16/000237). L.P. thanks to Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad for his FPI grant. The authors are grateful for the professional English language editing to Mr. Arash Javadinejad, English Instructor and pubication Editor at the Instituto de ...

[EN] The consumption of illicit drugs has increased exponentially in recent years and has become a problem that worries both governments and international institutions. The rapid emergence of new compounds, their easy access, the low levels at which these substances are able to produce an effect, and their short time of permanence in the organism make it necessary to develop highly rapid, easy, sensitive, and selective methods for their detection. Currently, the most widely used methods for drug detection are based on techniques that require large measurement times, the use of sophisticated equipment, and qualified personnel. Chromo- and fluorogenic methods are an alternative to those classical procedures. ; We thank the Spanish Government [projects MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R and AGL2015-70235-C2-2-R (MINECO/FEDER)] and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEOII/2014/047) for support. S.E.S thanks the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for his Juan de la Cierva contract. B.L.T and E.G. thank the Spanish Government for their predoctoral grants. L.P. also thanks the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for his predoctoral grant. ; Garrido-García, EM.; Pla, L.; Lozano-Torres, B.; El Sayed Shehata Nasr, S.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2018). Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Probes for the Detection of Illicit Drugs. ChemistryOpen. 7(5):401-428. https://doi.org/10.1002/open.201800034 ; S ; 401 ; 428 ; 7 ; 5 ; Komoroski, E. M., Komoroski, R. A., Valentine, J. L., Pearce, J. M., & Kearns, G. L. (2000). The Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Detection of Drug Intoxication. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 24(3), 180-187. doi:10.1093/jat/24.3.180 ; Drugs of Abuse: A DEA Resource Guide 2017 ; World Drug Report 2017 ; European Drug Report: Trends and Developments 2017 ; Namera, A., Nakamoto, A., Saito, T., & Nagao, M. (2011). Colorimetric detection and chromatographic analyses of designer drugs in biological materials: a comprehensive review. Forensic Toxicology, 29(1), 1-24. ...

[EN] A nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA)-based sensor system for the detection of Mycoplasma was developed through the implementation of "molecular gates" selective to the presence of this bacterium. The capped support showed a negligible cargo release, while presence of Mycoplasma genomic DNA resulted in the release of rhodamine B fluorescent dye. This sensor system presents a limit of detection of 20 genomic DNA copies mu L-1 and was applied to the detection of Mycoplasma bacteria in competitive environments, such as culture cell media. ; We thank the Spanish Government (projects MAT2015-64139-C41-R, AGL2015-70235-C2-2-R, and TEC2015-71324-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE)), the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEOII/2014/047), the Catalan authority (project AGAUR 2014SGR1344), and ICREA under the 2014 ICREA Academia Award for support. L.P. thanks to PROMETEOII/2014/047 for his contract. We thank the Electron Microscopy Service at the UPV for support. ; Pla, L.; Xifre Perez, E.; Ribes, À.; Aznar, E.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Marsal, L.; Martínez-Máñez, R. (2017). A Mycoplasma Genomic DNA Probe using Gated Nanoporous Anodic Alumina. ChemPlusChem. 82(3):337-341. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201600651 ; S ; 337 ; 341 ; 82 ; 3

[EN] Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is a disease produced by the opportunistic infection of the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii. As delayed or unsuitable treatments increase the risk of mortality, the development of rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for PcP are of great importance. Unfortunately, current standard methods present severe limitations and are far from adequate. In this work, a time-competitive, sensitive and selective biosensor based on DNA-gated nanomaterials for the identification of P. jirovecii is presented. The biosensor consists of a nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) scaffold which pores are filled with a dye reporter and capped with specific DNA oligonucleotides. In the presence of P. jirovecii genomic DNA, the gated biosensor is open, and the cargo is delivered to the solution where it is monitored through fluorescence spectroscopy. The use of capping oligonucleotides able to form duplex or triplex with P. jirovecii DNA is studied. The final diagnostic tool shows a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 nM of target complementary DNA and does not require previous amplification steps. The method was applied to identify DNA from P. jirovecii in unmodified bronchoalveolar lavage, nasopharyngeal aspirates, and sputum samples in 60 min. This is a promising alternative method for the routinely diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia. ; This research was funded by the Spanish Government, (projects RTI2018-100910-B-C41 (MCUI/AEI/FEDER, UE) and CTQ2017-84415-R), the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2018/024) and CIBER-BBN (projects NANOPATH and CANDI-EYE). ; Pla, L.; Aviñó, A.; Eritja, R.; Ruiz-Gaitán, A.; Pemán, J.; Friaza, V.; Calderón, EJ. (2020). Triplex hybridization-based nanosystem for the rapid screening of pneumocystis pneumonia in clinical samples. Journal of Fungi. 6(4):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040292 ; S ; 1 ; 14 ; 6 ; 4 ; Fauchier, T., Hasseine, L., Gari-Toussaint, M., Casanova, V., Marty, P. M., & Pomares, C. (2016). Detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii by Quantitative PCR To ...